Section 3 Environmental Behaviour
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| Environmental Behavior |
1. What is environmental behavior?
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| environmental behavior history |
Environmental behavior is a field that asks a lot of questions that will interest you very much. What aspects of residential and community design contribute to people's sense of safety? and so on, all of which ask questions about the environment and behavior. We can also ask two questions: two residential complexes with the same design are built and the same group of people live in them. One of the environments includes trees, while the other has a wide lawn.
As you can see, this field is a field of research that involves a wide range of issues, and is a consensual discipline of architecture, psychology, sociology, urban anthropology, human geography, etc. This field illustrates the importance of the material/social mirror in our lives and well-being.
There are no less than a dozen definitions of environmental behavior. However, it is generally accepted that environmental behavior is a science that studies the relationship between human behavior and the environment, and it includes those studies and practices that aim to use and promote this process and improve the quality of environmental design. Corresponding to this definition, environmental behavior has two goals: to understand human-environment interactions, and to use this knowledge to solve complex and diverse environmental problems.
2. Terminology of environmental behavior
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| Terminology of environmental behavior |
In addition to environmental behavior, commonly used terms include environmental psychology, human-environment relationship research, environmental design research, etc. The term architectural psychology was also used in the UK in the early days. Some disciplines, such as environmental sociology, human geography and behavioral geography, have similar research content to environmental behavior, or even the development of a large field in different first-level disciplines. I think that these terms seem to be different, but the actual research content is not very different, reflecting the demarcation of the academic backgrounds of the participants in this research field. In general, environmental behavior is a wide range of disciplines, its boundaries are very unclear and evolving, and its core is to seek a benign interaction between people and the physical environment in various disciplines.
In terms of environment and social circumference, behavior can be divided into explicit behavior and implicit behavior, and people can be divided into individuals and groups. Psychologists focus more on the individual, while sociologists focus on social groups. However, architects and designers of the city are more concerned with the community and the physical environment, and they are clearly reluctant to focus on the individual and social environment. From the perspective of the design community, urban behavior is a science that understands and reveals what kind of environmental design is suitable for people's life, production and learning. Environmental behavior helps designers think about what to look for when creating an artificial environment and how they can help people use the cues in the environment to achieve their goals and needs.
3. The historical development of environmental behavior
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| development of environmental behavior |
It is likely that the first attempt to estimate the influence of the physical environment on behavior outside of a laboratory was in the 1920s when it was not conducted in Fanthorpe, USA. Trying to figure out under what working conditions productivity would be the highest, they experimented with increasing lighting levels and other working conditions, and observed the resulting changes in worker behavior and performance. The failure of the results of this experiment to improve productivity and other applied psychology research has led psychologists to abandon research on the psychological effects of the physical environment on people, leaving this work in the hands of environmental engineers, architects, and planners. Beginning in the fifties and sixties of the twentieth century, environmental behavior sprouted and grew in three different places and in three different aspects at the same time. In New York, he began to study the influence of hospital buildings on the behavior of mentally ill patients. At present, environmental behavior/environmental psychology has been growing all over the world, not only in western developed countries but also in developing countries.
4. Environmental behavior in China
The development of environmental behavior in China is much later than that of the developed countries in the world, and although the sporadic work is scattered in magazines and books, and a small number of research is heard in the lecture halls of the academy, these efforts have not converged. In July 1993, at the initiative of China Architecture & Building Press, the first academic seminar on "Architecture and Psychology" was held in Jilin City, attended by more than 20 people, including the author. In December of the same year, the Architect magazine (55 issues) published a special issue dedicated to the conference. These can be seen as the official birth of this discipline in China.
After 1993, the pace of environmental science began to accelerate, in 1996 in Dalian held in the second "architecture and psychology" academic symposium formally established the "Chinese Society of Built Environmental Psychology", in 2000 officially renamed "environmental industry", EBRA is the fifth international society on the relationship between environment and behavior research in the world. Design disciplines, including architecture, planning and environmental design, are currently the main force driving the development of environmental science
In 2004, about 7 textbooks or books on environmental psychology or environmental behavior were published in China, of which 5 were written by designers and only 2 by psychologists. There are also 5 translations of environmental behavior, all of which have been translated by the design community. The knowledge of environmental psychology and environmental practice has also become a part of the professional evaluation of architecture and the professional examination of architects’ important content.
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